May 16, 2008 The theory of translation that seeks to represent the original text by translating in a thought-for-thought paradigm, rather than a word-for-word paradigm. Dynamic Equivalence translations would include, among others, the NIV, NLT, NJB, and GNB.
Enroll in The Theology Program today. Classes begin June 3.
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May 15, 2008 [ahy’-suh-jee‘-sis]
(Greek eis-, “into” + Greek hegeisthai, “to guide”)
The interpretive fallacy of reading into (eis-) the text of Scripture a preconceived theology in order to make it fit with what those presumptions require. Eisegesis is to be contrasted with exegesis which involves the arrival of meaning from or out of (ex-) the biblical text, without the presumption of meaning dictating the results.
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May 14, 2008 Describes a method or theory of text criticism that seeks to reconstruct the original text of the Scripture by using manuscript evidence from all available sources. Most modern translations rely on eclectic texts (UBS4, NA27). This is to be contrasted with some methods of text criticism that rely only on one manuscript tradition (e.g., the KJV and New KJV rely only on the Byzantine manuscript text-type).
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May 13, 2008 [hur’-muh-noo‘-tiks]
(Greek hermeneuo, “to translate” or “to interpret”)
The science or method of interpretation of a given text. It also refers to the discipline of applying principles toward biblical exegesis. Several different methods implemented include, but are not limited to, the historical-grammatical, lexical-syntactical, theological, and contextual.
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May 12, 2008 [uh-paw’-stuh-see]
(Greek apo-, “away” or “apart” + Greek stasis, “standing”)
When a person commits a formal desertion, denouncement, or rejection from one’s religion, namely Christianity. A person who commits apostasy is called an “apostate.” The Bible is replete with warnings against, and examples of, apostasy [cf. Heb 6:4-6, “Forsaking the LORD,” Jer. 2:17]. Jesus himself spoke of a day called The Great Apostasy [Matt. 24:9-12] which we are told will precede the final consummation; sometimes referred to as The Day of The Lord [2 Thess. 2:2-3].
For more on Apostasy, click here.
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May 11, 2008 [ek’-spee-ay‘-shun]
(Latin ex- as an intensive prefix + Latin piare, “to atone”)
Meaning “to atone, or make reparations for.” In Christian theology the term refers to the penal substitution of Christ on behalf of his people. Specifically it emphasizes the removal of guilt through the payment for the penalty of sin. This notion is coupled with the concept of propitiation, which refers to the appeasement or averting of God’s wrath and justice. Both concepts are seen together as two sides of the same coin.
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May 10, 2008 [kris-taw’-luh-jee]
The discipline within Christian theology that deals with the nature of Jesus Christ, particularly focusing on how the human and divine co-exist in one person. Christology also seeks to explain the saving work of Christ, though is generally less concerned with the details of Jesus’ life. In systematic theology it logically precedes soteriology (the doctrine of salvation). However, in church history soteriology preceded Christology, because the belief in Jesus’ saving role led to the subsequent claims about who he was.
Read Darrel Bock’s perspectives on Christologies within the Emergent Movement.
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May 9, 2008 [an’-thruh-puh-mor‘-fiz’-um]
(Greek anthropos, “human” and Greek morphe, “shape” or “form”)
The ascription of human attributes to inanimate objects, animals, forces of nature, and others. With respect to Christian theology, the authors of the Bible assign certain emotions, actions or physical features of man to God. For example, in Exodous 3:20 we have God “stretching out His hand.” Without anthropomorphism we would not have a framework from which to begin to understand God, since he is invisible and immaterial (cf. 1 Tim 1:17). The purpose is to describe God in terms more understandable to humans.
For more on anthropomorphism, click here.
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May 8, 2008 [kal‘-vih-niz’-um]
Also, “Reformed theology,” “the Reformed faith,” or “the Reformed tradition.”
A theological framework based on the teachings of 16th century French Protestant reformer John Calvin. The emphasis of this system is on the sovereignty of God over all things, with specific reference to soteriology (the doctrine of salvation). Though the distinctives of Calvinist theology may be stated in numerous ways, the best known summary is contained in the “Five points of Calvinism.” These points are: Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the Saints.
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May 7, 2008 [in’-fruh-lap-sair‘-ee-uh-niz’-um]
(Latin infra, “after” + Latin lapsus, “fall” = “After the fall”)
Also, “sublapsarianism.”
A system of belief among certain Calvinists believing in a theoretical plan of God that occurred before creation concerning his decree to save mankind. In the “infra” scheme, God first decreed creation, second he decreed to allow the fall, third he decreed to elect some to salvation while passing over others, and fourth he decreed the atonement as a means of salvation for the elect. In this order one can surmise that the damnation of the reprobate came as a result of the self-determined fall of mankind, not God’s active reprobation (double predestination).
See supralapsarianism.
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